Polygamy in the Bible

Polygamy was acceptable in the Bible for over a period of many centuries. It was not until the advent of the Christian era that this custom finally came to be frowned upon. What took Yahweh so long to condemn it? Yet, we must also ask: If he is a god that never changes, how could he have changed his position on this matter at all? Take a moment to look at some examples of this marital anomaly in the Old Testament (not only of multiple wives, but of multiple concubines):

  • “And Lamech took unto him two wives.” - Genesis 4:19  
  • “Now Sarah, Abram’s wife, bare him no children: and she had an handmaid, an Egyptian, whose name was Hagar. And Sarah said unto Abram, ‘Behold now, the Lord hath restrained me from bearing: I pray thee, go in unto my maid; it may be that I may obtain children by her.’ And Abram hearkened to the voice of Sarah. And Sarah...gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife. And he went in unto Hagar, and she conceived.” - Genesis 16:1-4.
  • “But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had.…” - Genesis 25:6.
  • “Esau...took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite.” - Genesis 26:34. 
  • “Then Jacob rose up, and set...his wives upon camels.” - Genesis 31:17
  • “And Gideon had threescore and ten sons…for he had many wives.” - Judges 8:30.
  • “Elkanah...had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah.” - 1 Samuel 1:1, 2. 
  • “Thus saith the Lord God of Israel...‘I gave thee...thy master’s wives…’” - 2 Samuel 12:7, 8. So here Yahweh fully endorsed polygamy.  
  • “Solomon...had seven hundred wives...and three hundred concubines.” - 1 Kings 11:2, 3.
  • “And Ashur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah.” - 1 Chronicles 4:5.
  • “Rehoboam...took eighteen wives, and threescore concubines.” - 2 Chronicles 11:21.
  • “But Abijah waxed mighty, and married fourteen wives…” - 2 Chronicles 13:21. 
  • “Jehoiada took for him two wives…” - 2 Chronicles 24:3. 
  • Even Jesus was not against polygamy: “Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, which took their lamps, and went forth to meet the bridegroom.” - Matthew.25:1. 
As an aside, Christ had given some bizarre “counsel” regarding marriage in Matthew 19:9: “Whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery; and whoever marries her who is divorced commits adultery.” So, a non-adulterous divorced woman cannot remarry, and a husband cannot leave his wife except for adultery? What if the husband caught his wife trying to kill him in his sleep? But speaking of adultery, look at another bizarre statement made by Christ: “But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.” - Matthew 5:28. What heterosexual male has looked, or even been able to look, at a gorgeous woman without having any lustful feelings or thoughts? 

Paul spoke unfavorably about polygamy: “If a man desires the position of a bishop [or an elder], he desires a good work. A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife.” - 1 Timothy 3:1, 2. One has to wonder how Paul could say this, when it is a total contradiction to everything the Bible had to say about polygamy prior to his arrival on the scene. But Paul had a contorted view of marriage anyway. He believed that it was better to remain single for the sake of “the Lord’s work,” or “the things of the Lord.” In 1 Corinthians 7:32, 33 he wrote: “He who is unmarried cares for the things of the Lord—how he may please the Lord. But he who is married cares about the things of the world—how he may please his wife.” 

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